Malaysian Airline System

From a little air administration that started with a 5-seater twin engined Airspeed Consul in 1947, Malaysia Airlines has developed into an honor winning carrier with an armada of in excess of 100 airplane, overhauling in excess of 110 goals across six mainlands. Today, Malaysian Airlines System Berhad is a company with a dream of worldwide development. The carrier's system will develop broadly because of customer interest for overall inclusion. The aircraft's improved in-flight benefits, dependable ground support and great framework will set new world principles. Organization History: Malaysian Airlines System Berhad is the holding organization for Malaysia's national aircraft transporter, one of Asia's quickest developing carriers. Through a few different auxiliaries, the organization fabricates airplane parts, offers shipping and load transportation administrations, caters food, gives clothing and dry-cleaning administrations for carriers and other modern foundations, and manages a movement office. Organization Chairman Tajudin Ramli claims a critical offer in Malaysian Airlines System (MAS), and the Malaysian government holds a solid voice in MAS issues. 930s Origins The historical backdrop of Malaysian Airlines goes back to 1937, when the Straits Steamship Co. of Singapore united with two British companiesâ€Ocean Steamship Co. what's more, Imperial Airwaysâ€and won endorsement from Singapore's administration to work a carrier in the area. Malayan Airways Limited was enrolled on October 21, 1937. Getting freedom and getting planes noticeable all around, be that as it may, end up being two unique things for Malayan Airways Ltd. Activities didn't start until 1947, well after the Japanese occupation had reached a conclusion, when a twin-engined Airspeed Consul lifted off from Subang International Airport in Kuala Lumpur, connecting that city with Singapore, Ipoh, and Penang in the north of the nation. In 1947 the youngster aircraft included a 21-seater DC-3 to its armada of three Airspeed Consuls. Before the year's over the carrier was traveling to Jakarta (at that point called Batavia), Palembang, Bangkok, Medan, and Saigon (later called Ho Chi Minh City). Mutually constrained by the intercontinental bearers BOAC and Qantas, Malayan Airways with respect to a period run by Keith Hamilton, who might later become head of Qantas. 1960s Independence Following Malaysia's political foundation in September 1963â€the new nation included the previous conditions of Malaya and Singapore, and the one-time settlements of North Borneo, Sabah, and Sarawakâ€Malayan Airways became Malaysian Airways and was revamped to concentrate on associating the new nation's unique areas. Development carried more airplane into the armada after Borneo Airways was bought and collapsed into Malaysian Airways in 1965. This brought four Dakota planes and two Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer airplane to the bearer's steady of airplane. Progressively hierarchical changes for the carrier happened in 1966, a year after Singapore withdrew from Malaysia to turn into a sovereign state all alone. That year, the administrations of Singapore and Malaysia together purchased a controlling stake in the aircraft and renamed it Malaysia-Singapore Airlines Ltd. (MSA). Incredible Boeing planes at that point entered the armada and empowered trips to arrive at various remote goals. Be that as it may, contrasts between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore over the future bearing of MSA incited a split in 1972. Lee Kuan Yew, head administrator of Singapore, wanted a really national bearer for his nation, the point being to fly a little armada of Boeing 707s showing the yellow and blue shades of Singapore Airlines. Malaysia similarly decided to head out in its own direction. In October 1972, Malaysian Airline Systems (MAS) was built up. (The abbreviation MAS implies gold in the Malaysian language. ) Each of its airplane would from now on sport a winged tiger logo, an adapted type of the customary Kelantan â€Å"wau† or Malaysian kite. The split was essential to the future fortunes of MAS. From 1972, the aircraft kept on considering itself to be a local transporter, associating a horde of remote goals in Peninsular Malaysia, including Sabah and Sarawak. Singapore Airlines, then again, was submitted from its beginning to turning into a worldwide achievement. By 1975, Singapore Airlines was traveling to Seoul, Hong Kong, and Taipei. After a year, that aircraft was conveying travelers to Paris, Dubai, and New Zealand. In contrast to Singapore, Malaysia hoped to concentrate on abusing its huge stores of common resourcesâ€petroleum and oil based commodities, gaseous petrol, wood items, and elastic. The nation's legislature would pick a lot later than Singapore needed to endeavor rivaling Western organizations in assembling and cutting edge markets. Consequently, keeping up a fruitful provincial aircraft transporter was made a decision about the best methodology for Malaysia during the 1970s. The organization gradually developed its provincial administrations to Jakarta and Medan in Indonesia. Later the goals of Bangkok, Hong Kong, Manila, and Singapore were included. â€Å"Malaysia felt that MAS was not serving the necessities of Malaysians,† clarified Abdullah Mat Zaid, executive of corporate arranging at MAS. Growing as a provincial carrier was not without occurrence for MAS. In 1978, the organization's low-wage strategy met with a difficulty. Kuala Lumpur had set out principles restricting association movement at the national air bearer as a methods for holding wages and expenses down, and an unpleasant and problematic work question happened in 1978. Occasions encompassing a strike at the national carrier incited the legislature to intercede and refer to MAS laborers as being occupied with criminal behavior. A few association authorities were accordingly captured. Development in the 1980sâ€90s An financial blast in Malaysia during the 1980s helped prod development at Malaysian Airlines. Before the decade's over, MAS was traveling to 47 abroad goals. These included eight European urban areas: London, Zurich, Paris, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Vienna, Amsterdam, and Brussels. MAS additionally flew as of now to six Australian citiesâ€Brisbane, Adelaide, Darwin, Perth, Melbourne, and Sydney&mdash well as to Auckland, New Zealand. Other than trips to such Asian center points as Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Peking, MAS additionally associated with Los Angeles and Honolulu. By 1992, MAS had added booked trips to Athens, Madrid, and Rome, and plans were moving to reach in any event one goal in Eastern Europe. In addition, another support of South Africa and Brazil was planned for 1993. The aircraft would likewise hope to arrive at one city on the eastern seaboard of the United States. MAS likewise picked during the mid 1990s to extend by collaborating with different aircrafts to make extra goals accessible for its clients. For instance, Iran Air associated Kuala Lumpur with Tehran, and Royal Jordanian associated MAS trips with Amman. Also, joint administrations to Chile and Argentina were talked about in late 1991. The stimulus for this development originated from Malaysia's thriving economy. Somewhere in the range of 1986 and 1991, the nation's fare situated economy posted a normal genuine development of nine percent. Changes to Malaysia's remote speculation rules during the mid-1980s were intended to help speed a move from an economy beforehand subject to common assets to a finely tuned industrialized economy. Simultaneously, various enormous Asian and Western organizations, for example, Sanyo, NEC, Toshiba, and Philips set up branch plants in Malaysia. The additional traffic of organization authorities flying to and fro from their home office to Malaysia, and the transportation of their cutting edge products, prodded on ticket deals for the aircraft. The quantity of business travelers MAS suited was underscored by net remote interests in Malaysia that rose 30 percent in 1991 to M$10. 7 billion ($5 billion). The 1980sâ€90s Tourist Trade As the nation's fare exchange roared ahead in the late 1980s, so did the local traveler traffic all through Malaysia, and normally the travel industry additionally gave a springboard to development to MAS. By the late 1980s Malaysia started to pursue the valued Western visitor, a market effectively all around misused by neighboring Thailand and the Philippines. Almost 5. 5 million voyagers visited Malaysia in 1991. In spite of the fact that the nation, and its carrier, were hit by the impacts of the Gulf War and worldwide recessionary conditions, the travel industry contributed M$5 billionâ€or $2. 4 billion&mdasho the nation's exchange balance 1991. The greater part of these travelers originated from neighboring Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Kuala Lumpur's arrangements to assemble various extravagance greens in the nation were required to help secure developing quantities of Japanese visitors. Getting into the bundle visit business likewise helped MAS energize expanded traveler traffic. Malaysia Airlines Golden Holiday bundles and Malaysia Stopover bundles were built up in 1984. These empowered European and Australian voyagers in travel between the two mainlands to take a rest break in Malaysia before carrying on to their last goal. To additionally animate the travel industry, a joint crusade was controlled by the Malaysian government and MAS to announce 1990 Visit Malaysia Year. During the year, around 7. 4 million visitors flew into and out of the nation, as contrasted and the 4. 8 million visitors who visited Malaysia in the earlier year. Another wellspring of new traffic for the aircraft was the developing number of remote understudies going to instructive establishments in Malaysia. In September 1989 the International School of Kuala Lumpur enlisted 700 understudies; after a year, the school had multiplied its enlistment. By a similar token, youthful Malaysians were concentrating in Europe and North America. In Canada, where numerous Malaysian understudies went to colleges, it was felt in mid 1992 this new traffic source may warrant ordinary assistance between the two nations. Canada's own national carrier, Air Canada, which was experiencing financial downturn and inc

An attempt to Find Midway between Utopian Sunshine and Foucauldian Essay

An endeavor to Find Midway between Utopian Sunshine and Foucauldian Gloom - Essay Example Among the two stream of contemplations, the first is the gathering of hopeful individuals alluded as Utopian daylight, who consider the to be as profoundly practicable. Driver says that the more hopeful side might be populated by specialists and advisors who are hoping to offer their recommendation to customer associations and consequently not keen on seeking after the more basic part of the learning association (Denton, 1998 refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 34). On the opponent’s side are the individuals called Faucauldian melancholy, who discover this idea as no better than a ‘psychic prison’. Clarifying who all can be finding the idea as impracticable, Driver says that the more negative side might be populated by scholastics searching for distribute and along these lines problematize an excessively basic perspective on learning association with no enthusiasm for the reasonableness of a portion of their proposals (Denton, 1998 refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 34). The distinction of conclusion among the two gatherings is on three authoritative measurements which are control, philosophy and agonizing representative experience that they experience for giving the serious edge to the association. As to idea of the learning association, Driver remarks that the absence of clearness with respect to the specific definition and hypothetical conceptualization of a learning association has been a typical issue (Denton, 1998 refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 36).... Every one of these characteristics guarantee to make the learning association an extraordinary spot. Obviously, this is as a glaring difference to the customary bureaucratic associations that put stock in grouping of information, force and dynamic. This doesn't imply that a learning association doesn't have any sort of control. With respect to administrative control in a learning association, Driver says that while the learning association may have hardly any conventional administrative controls, it isn't totally liberated from administrative control (Starkey, 1998 refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 39). At the end of the day, the mutual qualities in closely knit ‘communities of learners’ (Edmondson, 1996 refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 39) fill in as disguised controls in which workers acclimate in light of the fact that they share similar perspectives and qualities as opposed to they dread or regard outside controls forced on them by the board (Mills and Friesen, 1992, Smit h and Tosey, 1999, refered to in Driver, 2002, p. 39). Building a learning association requires change in the fundamental culture of an association; a change from customary bureaucratic association that encourages them soak up the advantages referenced in the idea of learning association. In any case, hierarchical culture doesn't create in days, week or months. Thus such an emotional change would likewise expend a ton of time. Likewise there will be administrators who might need to share their insight to the representatives. There is a well known saying that information is power. Force or control isn't something that a typical person might want to lose so without any problem. Consequently the top directors of the changing association, who are to lose power, social height and money related

Magical Attic Connect the Dots Coloring Puzzle

Magical Attic Connect the Dots Coloring Puzzle Connect the dots to see who is reading with Eclipse Doggy! This connect-the-dots activity helps reinforce concentration and problem-solving skills. Children are asked to connect the dots to reveal the Magical Attic character reading with Eclipse Doggy, and can color the page when finished to help develop motor skills. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Hiring Methods Of An Oral Response - 1400 Words

Introduction Any organization in the corporate world relies on the profound efficiency of its workforce. However, organization management expresses their deep concern with the declining productivity in part of the employees. Economists express their concern with regard to the effectiveness of some of various hiring tools adopted by firms in the corporate world. In one of its latest reports that released in the year 2013 CareerBuilder organization indicated that inappropriate hiring techniques cost the American economy close to 50,000 dollars (Employment.govt.nz, 2015). With all these facts in hand, it is imperative to assert that personnel department in major organization should shade more light into its hiring tools. Interviews Firms prefer using the interview for many reasons. Economists believe that an oral response is very insightful and it indicates the employee’s future performance. Therefore, In order to get full information about the potential employee, conducting an interview is paramount. The nature and kind of work handled by the workforce in Tanglewood is sensitive. Therefore, it calls for diligence in part of the potential employee. Experts hail interview owing to its unique capabilities in assessing the applicant’s behavior. There are certain qualities that must be exhibited by the potential employee in order to meet the set standards. As such, in order to determine the potential employee’s social constructs, interviewing him or her is paramount. EmployersShow MoreRelatedTanglewood Case 41587 Words   |  7 Pages Below is an analysis of the potential new selection methods for hiring the Store Associate position. The study of 10 Seattle-based stores resulted in an adequate sample size of 832 applicants. 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The Individual and Society - 1616 Words

In this paper I will try to explain the puzzle of whether individuals are products of society or society is a product of individuals. I believe that in general, and in the beginning, the answer to this question, is that society is a human product. I will start by presenting early man, the hunter and gatherer as an early form of society, but lacking critical qualities of a society. Then I will continue to support my theory by analyzing the beginning of known society some three and one half thousands years ago. I will present the individual as creation of society, or more precisely, an ongoing social recursive conditioning. I will also present society as creation of individuals. Finally, I will conclude my paper with some thoughts on the†¦show more content†¦The recording of literature, science, society and history is a lasting legacy of the Sumerians and our society. The individuals in the Sumer originated the development of society through the codes of law that was written as, and to be, social policy. These were the first written laws and law is what defines the norms within our society. This is a defining point as to whether individuals are products of society or society is a product of individuals. Since these individuals conceived what society shall represent, then it is clear that originally society is a product of individuals. It was not only the codes of law that were created by the Sumerians, but tens of thousands of cunieform texts that contain lullabies, poetry, ledgers, administration and property records. The theory that John Locke presents is that man must agree to join society and the community living peaceably and secure in the fact that his personal property is protected by the community by the laws and property records against any that are not of the community. 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The Da Vinci Code Chapter 73-77 Free Essays

CHAPTER 73 Bourget Airfield’s night shift air traffic controller had been dozing before a blank radar screen when the captain of the Judicial Police practically broke down his door. â€Å"Teabing’s jet,† Bezu Fache blared, marching into the small tower,† where did it go?† The controller’s initial response was a babbling, lame attempt to protect the privacy of their British client – one of the airfield’s most respected customers. It failed miserably. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 73-77 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Okay,† Fache said,† I am placing you under arrest for permitting a private plane to take off without registering a flight plan.† Fache motioned to another officer, who approached with handcuffs, and the traffic controller felt a surge of terror. He thought of the newspaper articles debating whether the nation’s police captain was a hero or a menace. That question had just been answered. â€Å"Wait!† the controller heard himself whimper at the sight of the handcuffs. â€Å"I can tell you this much. Sir Leigh Teabing makes frequent trips to London for medical treatments. He has a hangar at Biggin Hill Executive Airport in Kent. On the outskirts of London.† Fache waved off the man with the cuffs. â€Å"Is Biggin Hill his destination tonight?† â€Å"I don’t know,† the controller said honestly. â€Å"The plane left on its usual tack, and his last radar contact suggested the United Kingdom. Biggin Hill is an extremely likely guess.† â€Å"Did he have others onboard?† â€Å"I swear, sir, there is no way for me to know that. Our clients can drive directly to their hangars, and load as they please. Who is onboard is the responsibility of the customs officials at the receiving airport.† Fache checked his watch and gazed out at the scattering of jets parked in front of the terminal. â€Å"If they’re going to Biggin Hill, how long until they land?† The controller fumbled through his records. â€Å"It’s a short flight. His plane could be on the ground by†¦ around six-thirty. Fifteen minutes from now.† Fache frowned and turned to one of his men. â€Å"Get a transport up here. I’m going to London. And get me the Kent local police. Not British MI5. I want this quiet. Kent local.Tell them I want Teabing’s plane to be permitted to land. Then I want it surrounded on the tarmac. Nobody deplanes until I get there.† CHAPTER 74 â€Å"You’re quiet,† Langdon said, gazing across the Hawker’s cabin at Sophie. â€Å"Just tired,† she replied. â€Å"And the poem. I don’t know.† Langdon was feeling the same way. The hum of the engines and the gentle rocking of the plane were hypnotic, and his head still throbbed where he’d been hit by the monk. Teabing was still in the back of the plane, and Langdon decided to take advantage of the moment alone with Sophie to tell her something that had been on his mind. â€Å"I think I know part of the reason why your grandfather conspired to put us together. I think there’s something he wanted me to explain to you.† â€Å"The history of the Holy Grail and Mary Magdalene isn’t enough?† Langdon felt uncertain how to proceed. â€Å"The rift between you. The reason you haven’t spoken to him in ten years. I think maybe he was hoping I could somehow make that right by explaining what drove you apart.† Sophie squirmed in her seat. â€Å"I haven’t told you what drove us apart.† Langdon eyed her carefully. â€Å"You witnessed a sex rite. Didn’t you?† Sophie recoiled. â€Å"How do you know that?† â€Å"Sophie, you told me you witnessed something that convinced you your grandfather was in a secret society. And whatever you saw upset you enough that you haven’t spoken to him since. I know a fair amount about secret societies. It doesn’t take the brains of Da Vinci to guess what you saw.† Sophie stared. â€Å"Was it in the spring?† Langdon asked. â€Å"Sometime around the equinox? Mid-March?† Sophie looked out the window. â€Å"I was on spring break from university. I came home a few days early.† â€Å"You want to tell me about it?† â€Å"I’d rather not.† She turned suddenly back to Langdon, her eyes welling with emotion. â€Å"I don’t know what I saw.† â€Å"Were both men and women present?† After a beat, she nodded.† Dressed in white and black?† She wiped her eyes and then nodded, seeming to open up a little. â€Å"The women were in white gossamer gowns†¦ with golden shoes. They held golden orbs. The men wore black tunics and black shoes.† Langdon strained to hide his emotion, and yet he could not believe what he was hearing. Sophie Neveu had unwittingly witnessed a two-thousand-year-old sacred ceremony. â€Å"Masks?† he asked, keeping his voice calm. â€Å"Androgynous masks?† â€Å"Yes. Everyone. Identical masks. White on the women. Black on the men.† Langdon had read descriptions of this ceremony and understood its mystic roots. â€Å"It’s called Hieros Gamos,† he said softly. â€Å"It dates back more than two thousand years. Egyptian priests and priestesses performed it regularly to celebrate the reproductive power of the female,† He paused, leaning toward her. â€Å"And if you witnessed Hieros Gamos without being properly prepared to understand its meaning, I imagine it would be pretty shocking.† Sophie said nothing. â€Å"Hieros Gamos is Greek,† he continued. â€Å"It means sacred marriage.† â€Å"The ritual I saw was no marriage.† â€Å"Marriage as in union, Sophie.† â€Å"You mean as in sex.† â€Å"No.† â€Å"No?† she said, her olive eyes testing him. Langdon backpedaled. â€Å"Well†¦ yes, in a manner of speaking, but not as we understand it today.† He explained that although what she saw probably looked like a sex ritual, Hieros Gamos had nothing to do with eroticism. It was a spiritual act. Historically, intercourse was the act through which male and female experienced God. The ancients believed that the male was spiritually incomplete until he had carnal knowledge of the sacred feminine. Physical union with the female remained the sole means through which man could become spiritually complete and ultimately achieve gnosis – knowledge of the divine. Since the days of Isis, sex rites had been considered man’s only bridge from earth to heaven. â€Å"By communing with woman,† Langdon said,† man could achieve a climactic instant when his mind went totally blank and he could see God.† Sophie looked skeptical. â€Å"Orgasm as prayer?† Langdon gave a noncommittal shrug, although Sophie was essentially correct. Physiologically speaking, the male climax was accompanied by a split second entirely devoid of thought. A brief mental vacuum. A moment of clarity during which God could be glimpsed. Meditation gurus achieved similar states of thoughtlessness without sex and often described Nirvana as a never- ending spiritual orgasm. â€Å"Sophie,† Langdon said quietly,† it’s important to remember that the ancients’ view of sex was entirely opposite from ours today. Sex begot new life – the ultimate miracle – and miracles could be performed only by a god. The ability of the woman to produce life from her womb made her sacred. A god. Intercourse was the revered union of the two halves of the human spirit – male and female – through which the male could find spiritual wholeness and communion with God. What you saw was not about sex, it was about spirituality. The Hieros Gamos ritual is not a perversion. It’s a deeply sacrosanct ceremony.† His words seemed to strike a nerve. Sophie had been remarkably poised all evening, but now, for the first time, Langdon saw the aura of composure beginning to crack. Tears materialized in her eyes again, and she dabbed them away with her sleeve. He gave her a moment. Admittedly, the concept of sex as a pathway to God was mind-boggling at first. Langdon’s Jewish students always looked flabbergasted when he first told them that the early Jewish tradition involved ritualistic sex. In the Temple, no less.Early Jews believed that the Holy of Holies in Solomon’s Temple housed not only God but also His powerful female equal, Shekinah. Men seeking spiritual wholeness came to the Temple to visit priestesses – or hierodules – with whom they made love and experienced the divine through physical union. The Jewish tetragrammaton YHWH – the sacred name of God – in fact derived from Jehovah, an androgynous physical union between the masculine Jah and the pre-Hebraic name for Eve, Havah. â€Å"For the early Church,† Langdon explained in a soft voice,† mankind’s use of sex to commune directly with God posed a serious threat to the Catholic power base. It left the Church out of the loop, undermining their self-proclaimed status as the sole conduit to God. For obvious reasons, they worked hard to demonize sex and recast it as a disgusting and sinful act. Other major religions did the same.† Sophie was silent, but Langdon sensed she was starting to understand her grandfather better. Ironically, Langdon had made this same point in a class lecture earlier this semester. â€Å"Is it surprising we feel conflicted about sex?† he asked his students. â€Å"Our ancient heritage and our very physiologies tell us sex is natural – a cherished route to spiritual fulfillment – and yet modern religion decries it as shameful, teaching us to fear our sexual desire as the hand of the devil.† Langdon decided not to shock his students with the fact that more than a dozen secret societies around the world – many of them quite influential – still practiced sex rites and kept the ancient traditions alive. Tom Cruise’s character in the film Eyes Wide Shut discovered this the hard way when he sneaked into a private gathering of ultraelite Manhattanites only to find himself witnessing Hieros Gamos. Sadly, the filmmakers had gotten most of the specifics wrong, but the basic gist was there – a secret society communing to celebrate the magic of sexual union. â€Å"Professor Langdon?† A male student in back raised his hand, sounding hopeful. â€Å"Are you saying that instead of going to chapel, we should have more sex?† Langdon chuckled, not about to take the bait. From what he’d heard about Harvard parties, these kids were having more than enough sex. â€Å"Gentlemen,† he said, knowing he was on tender ground,† might I offer a suggestion for all of you. Without being so bold as to condone premarital sex, and without being so naive as to think you’re all chaste angels, I will give you this bit of advice about your sex lives.† All the men in the audience leaned forward, listening intently. â€Å"The next time you find yourself with a woman, look in your heart and see if you cannot approach sex as a mystical, spiritual act. Challenge yourself to find that spark of divinity that man can only achieve through union with the sacred feminine.† The women smiled knowingly, nodding. The men exchanged dubious giggles and off-color jokes. Langdon sighed. College men were still boys. Sophie’s forehead felt cold as she pressed it against the plane’s window and stared blankly into the void, trying to process what Langdon had just told her. She felt a new regret well within her. Ten years.She pictured the stacks of unopened letters her grandfather had sent her. I will tell Robert everything.Without turning from the window, Sophie began to speak. Quietly. Fearfully. As she began to recount what had happened that night, she felt herself drifting back†¦ alighting in the woods outside her grandfather’s Normandy chateau†¦ searching the deserted house in confusion†¦ hearing the voices below her†¦ and then finding the hidden door. She inched down the stone staircase, one step at a time, into that basement grotto. She could taste the earthy air. Cool and light. It was March. In the shadows of her hiding place on the staircase, she watched as the strangers swayed and chanted by flickering orange candles. I’m dreaming, Sophie told herself. This is a dream. What else could this be? The women and men were staggered, black, white, black, white. The women’s beautiful gossamer gowns billowed as they raised in their right hands golden orbs and called out in unison,† I was withyou in the beginning, in the dawn of all that is holy, I bore you from the womb before the start of day.† The women lowered their orbs, and everyone rocked back and forth as if in a trance. They were revering something in the center of the circle. What are they looking at? The voices accelerated now. Louder. Faster. â€Å"The woman whom you behold is love!† The women called, raising their orbs again. The men responded,† She has her dwelling in eternity!† The chanting grew steady again. Accelerating. Thundering now. Faster. The participants stepped inward and knelt. In that instant, Sophie could finally see what they were all watching. On a low, ornate altar in the center of the circle lay a man. He was naked, positioned on his back, and wearing a black mask. Sophie instantly recognized his body and the birthmark on his shoulder. She almost cried out. Grand-pere! This image alone would have shocked Sophie beyond belief, and yet there was more. Straddling her grandfather was a naked woman wearing a white mask, her luxuriant silver hair flowing out behind it. Her body was plump, far from perfect, and she was gyrating in rhythm to the chanting – making love to Sophie’s grandfather. Sophie wanted to turn and run, but she couldn’t. The stone walls of the grotto imprisoned her as the chanting rose to a fever pitch. The circle of participants seemed almost to be singing now, the noise rising in crescendo to a frenzy. With a sudden roar, the entire room seemed to erupt in climax. Sophie could not breathe. She suddenly realized she was quietly sobbing. She turned and staggered silently up the stairs, out of the house, and drove trembling back to Paris. CHAPTER 75 The chartered turboprop was just passing over the twinkling lights of Monaco when Aringarosa hung up on Fache for the second time. He reached for the airsickness bag again but felt too drained even to be sick. Just let it be over! Fache’s newest update seemed unfathomable, and yet almost nothing tonight made sense anymore. What is going on? Everything had spiraled wildly out of control. What have I gotten Silas into? What have I gotten myself into! On shaky legs, Aringarosa walked to the cockpit. â€Å"I need to change destinations.† The pilot glanced over his shoulder and laughed. â€Å"You’re joking, right?† â€Å"No. I have to get to London immediately.† â€Å"Father, this is a charter flight, not a taxi.† â€Å"I will pay you extra, of course. How much? London is only one hour farther north and requires almost no change of direction, so – â€Å" â€Å"It’s not a question of money, Father, there are other issues.† â€Å"Ten thousand euro. Right now.† The pilot turned, his eyes wide with shock. â€Å"How much? What kind of priest carries that kind of cash?† Aringarosa walked back to his black briefcase, opened it, and removed one of the bearer bonds. He handed it to the pilot. â€Å"What is this?† the pilot demanded. â€Å"A ten-thousand-euro bearer bond drawn on the Vatican Bank.† The pilot looked dubious.† It’s the same as cash.† â€Å"Only cash is cash,† the pilot said, handing the bond back. Aringarosa felt weak as he steadied himself against the cockpit door. â€Å"This is a matter of life or death. You must help me. I need to get to London.† The pilot eyed the bishop’s gold ring. â€Å"Real diamonds?† Aringarosa looked at the ring. â€Å"I could not possibly part with this.† The pilot shrugged, turning and focusing back out the windshield. Aringarosa felt a deepening sadness. He looked at the ring. Everything it represented was about to be lost to the bishop anyway. After a long moment, he slid the ring from his finger and placed it gently on the instrument panel. Aringarosa slunk out of the cockpit and sat back down. Fifteen seconds later, he could feel the pilot banking a few more degrees to the north. Even so, Aringarosa’s moment of glory was in shambles. It had all begun as a holy cause. A brilliantly crafted scheme. Now, like a house of cards, it was collapsing in on itself†¦ and the end was nowhere in sight. CHAPTER 76 Langdon could see Sophie was still shaken from recounting her experience of Hieros Gamos. For his part, Langdon was amazed to have heard it. Not only had Sophie witnessed the full-blown ritual, but her own grandfather had been the celebrant†¦ the Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. It was heady company. Da Vinci, Botticelli, Isaac Newton, Victor Hugo, Jean Cocteau†¦JacquesSauniere. â€Å"I don’t know what else I can tell you,† Langdon said softly. Sophie’s eyes were a deep green now, tearful. â€Å"He raised me like his own daughter.† Langdon now recognized the emotion that had been growing in her eyes as they spoke. It was remorse. Distant and deep. Sophie Neveu had shunned her grandfather and was now seeing him in an entirely different light. Outside, the dawn was coming fast, its crimson aura gathering off the starboard. The earth was still black beneath them. â€Å"Victuals, my dears?† Teabing rejoined them with a flourish, presenting several cans of Coke and a box of old crackers. He apologized profusely for the limited fare as he doled out the goods. â€Å"Our friend the monk isn’t talking yet,† he chimed, â€Å"but give him time.† He bit into a cracker and eyed the poem. â€Å"So, my lovely, any headway?† He looked at Sophie. â€Å"What is your grandfather trying to tell us here? Where the devil is this headstone? This headstone praised by Templars.† Sophie shook her head and remained silent. While Teabing again dug into the verse, Langdon popped a Coke and turned to the window, his thoughts awash with images of secret rituals and unbroken codes. A headstone praised by Templarsis the key.He took a long sip from the can. A headstone praised by Templars.The cola was warm. The dissolving veil of night seemed to evaporate quickly, and as Langdon watched the transformation, he saw a shimmering ocean stretch out beneath them. The English Channel.It wouldn’t be long now. Langdon willed the light of day to bring with it a second kind of illumination, but the lighter it became outside, the further he felt from the truth. He heard the rhythms of iambic pentameter and chanting, Hieros Gamos and sacred rites, resonating with the rumble of the jet. A headstone praised by Templars. The plane was over land again when a flash of enlightenment struck him. Langdon set down his empty can of Coke hard. â€Å"You won’t believe this,† he said, turning to the others. â€Å"The Templar headstone – I figured it out.† Teabing’s eyes turned to saucers. â€Å"You know where the headstone is?† Langdon smiled. â€Å"Not where it is. What it is.† Sophie leaned in to hear. â€Å"I think the headstone references a literal stone head,†Langdon explained, savoring the familiar excitement of academic breakthrough. â€Å"Not a grave marker.† â€Å"A stone head?† Teabing demanded. Sophie looked equally confused.† Leigh,† Langdon said, turning,† during the Inquisition, the Church accused the Knights Templar of all kinds of heresies, right?† â€Å"Correct. They fabricated all kinds of charges. Sodomy, urination on the cross, devil worship, quite a list.† â€Å"And on that list was the worship of false idols, right? Specifically, the Church accused the Templars of secretly performing rituals in which they prayed to a carved stone head†¦ the pagan god – â€Å" â€Å"Baphomet!† Teabing blurted. â€Å"My heavens, Robert, you’re right! A headstone praised by Templars!† Langdon quickly explained to Sophie that Baphomet was a pagan fertility god associated with the creative force of reproduction. Baphomet’s head was represented as that of a ram or goat, a common symbol of procreation and fecundity. The Templars honored Baphomet by encircling a stone replica of his head and chanting prayers. â€Å"Baphomet,† Teabing tittered. â€Å"The ceremony honored the creative magic of sexual union, but Pope Clement convinced everyone that Baphomet’s head was in fact that of the devil. The Pope used the head of Baphomet as the linchpin in his case against the Templars.† Langdon concurred. The modern belief in a horned devil known as Satan could be traced back to Baphomet and the Church’s attempts to recast the horned fertility god as a symbol of evil. The Church had obviously succeeded, although not entirely. Traditional American Thanksgiving tables still bore pagan, horned fertility symbols. The cornucopia or† horn of plenty† was a tribute to Baphomet’s fertility and dated back to Zeus being suckled by a goat whose horn broke off and magically filled with fruit. Baphomet also appeared in group photographs when some joker raised two fingers behind a friend’s head in the V-symbol of horns; certainly few of the pranksters realized their mocking gesture was in fact advertising their victim’s robust sperm count. â€Å"Yes, yes,† Teabing was saying excitedly. â€Å"Baphomet must be what the poem is referring to. A headstone praised by Templars.† â€Å"Okay,† Sophie said, â€Å"but if Baphomet is the headstone praised by Templars, then we have a new dilemma.† She pointed to the dials on the cryptex. â€Å"Baphomet has eight letters. We only have room for five.† Teabing grinned broadly. â€Å"My dear, this is where the Atbash Cipher comes into play† CHAPTER 77 Langdon was impressed. Teabing had just finished writing out the entire twenty-two-letter Hebrew alphabet – alef-beit – from memory. Granted, he’d used Roman equivalents rather than Hebrew characters, but even so, he was now reading through them with flawless pronunciation. A B G D H V Z Ch T Y K L M N S O P Tz Q R Sh Th â€Å"Alef, Beit, Gimel, Dalet, Hei, Vav, Zayin, Chet, Tet, Yud, Kaf, Lamed, Mem, Nun, Samech, Ayin, Pei, Tzadik, Kuf, Reish, Shin, and Tav.† Teabing dramatically mopped his brow and plowed on. â€Å"In formal Hebrew spelling, the vowel sounds are not written. Therefore, when we write the word Baphomet using the Hebrew alphabet, it will lose its three vowels in translation, leaving us – â€Å" â€Å"Five letters,† Sophie blurted. Teabing nodded and began writing again. â€Å"Okay, here is the proper spelling of Baphomet inHebrew letters. I’ll sketch in the missing vowels for clarity’s sake. B a P V o M e Th â€Å"Remember, of course,† he added,† that Hebrew is normally written in the opposite direction, but we can just as easily use Atbash this way. Next, all we have to do is create our substitution scheme by rewriting the entire alphabet in reverse order opposite the original alphabet.† â€Å"There’s an easier way,† Sophie said, taking the pen from Teabing. â€Å"It works for all reflectional substitution ciphers, including the Atbash. A little trick I learned at the Royal Holloway.† Sophie wrote the first half of the alphabet from left to right, and then, beneath it, wrote the second half, right to left. â€Å"Cryptanalysts call it the fold-over. Half as complicated. Twice as clean.† A B G D H V Z Ch T Y K Th Sh R Q Tz P O S N M L Teabing eyed her handiwork and chuckled. â€Å"Right you are. Glad to see those boys at the Holloway are doing their job.† Looking at Sophie’s substitution matrix, Langdon felt a rising thrill that he imagined must have rivaled the thrill felt by early scholars when they first used the Atbash Cipher to decrypt the now famous Mystery of Sheshach.For years, religious scholars had been baffled by biblical references to a city called Sheshach.The city did not appear on any map nor in any other documents, and yet it was mentioned repeatedly in the Book of Jeremiah – the king of Sheshach, the city of Sheshach, the people of Sheshach. Finally, a scholar applied the Atbash Cipher to the word, and his results were mind-numbing. The cipher revealed that Sheshach was in fact a code word for another very well-known city. The decryption process was simple. Sheshach, in Hebrew, was spelled: Sh-Sh-K. Sh-Sh-K, when placed in the substitution matrix, became B-B-L. B-B-L, in Hebrew, spelled Babel. The mysterious city of Sheshach was revealed as the city of Babel, and a frenzy of biblical examination ensued. Within weeks, several more Atbash code words were uncovered in the Old Testament, unveiling myriad hidden meanings that scholars had no idea were there. â€Å"We’re getting close,† Langdon whispered, unable to control his excitement. â€Å"Inches, Robert,† Teabing said. He glanced over at Sophie and smiled. â€Å"You ready?† She nodded.† Okay, Baphomet in Hebrew without the vowels reads: B-P-V-M-Th.Now we simply apply your Atbash substitution matrix to translate the letters into our five-letter password.† Langdon’s heart pounded. B-P-V-M-Th.The sun was pouring through the windows now. He looked at Sophie’s substitution matrix and slowly began to make the conversion. B is Sh†¦P is V†¦ Teabing was grinning like a schoolboy at Christmas. â€Å"And the Atbash Cipher reveals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped short. â€Å"Good God!† His face went white. Langdon’s head snapped up. â€Å"What’s wrong?† Sophie demanded. â€Å"You won’t believe this.† Teabing glanced at Sophie. â€Å"Especially you.† â€Å"What do you mean?† she said.† This is†¦ ingenious,† he whispered. â€Å"Utterly ingenious!† Teabing wrote again on the paper. â€Å"Drumroll, please. Here is your password.† He showed them what he had written. Sh-V-P-Y-A Sophie scowled. â€Å"What is it?† Langdon didn’t recognize it either. Teabing’s voice seemed to tremble with awe. â€Å"This, my friend, is actually an ancient word of wisdom.† Langdon read the letters again. An ancient word of wisdom frees this scroll.An instant later he got it. He had never seen this coming. â€Å"An ancient word of wisdom!† Teabing was laughing. â€Å"Quite literally!† Sophie looked at the word and then at the dial. Immediately she realized Langdon and Teabing had failed to see a serious glitch. â€Å"Hold on! This can’t be the password,† she argued. â€Å"The cryptex doesn’t have an Sh on the dial. It uses a traditional Roman alphabet.† â€Å"Read the word,† Langdon urged. â€Å"Keep in mind two things. In Hebrew, the symbol for the sound Sh can also be pronounced as S, depending on the accent. Just as the letter P can be pronounced F.† SVFYA? she thought, puzzled. â€Å"Genius!† Teabing added. â€Å"The letter Vav is often a placeholder for the vowel sound O!† Sophie again looked at the letters, attempting to sound them out.† S†¦ o†¦ f†¦ y†¦ a.† She heard the sound of her voice, and could not believe what she had just said. â€Å"Sophia? This spells Sophia?† Langdon was nodding enthusiastically. â€Å"Yes! Sophia literally means wisdom in Greek. The root of your name, Sophie, is literally a ‘word of wisdom.'† Sophie suddenly missed her grandfather immensely. He encrypted the Priory keystone with my name.A knot caught in her throat. It all seemed so perfect. But as she turned her gaze to the five lettered dials on the cryptex, she realized a problem still existed. â€Å"But wait†¦ the word Sophia has six letters.† Teabing’s smile never faded. â€Å"Look at the poem again. Your grandfather wrote, ‘An ancient word of wisdom.’ â€Å"Yes?† Teabing winked. â€Å"In ancient Greek, wisdom is spelled S-O-F-I-A.† How to cite The Da Vinci Code Chapter 73-77, Essay examples

The Role of Alfieri Essay Example

The Role of Alfieri Essay He also appears to be completely American, as he does not speak with an Italian accent, unlike Marco and Rodolpho. Even he admits it, when he says And now we are quite civilised, quite American. He is talking about how he has changed from when he was a Sicilian living in Sicily and how he no longer keeps a gun in his filing cabinet. Alfieri is very eloquent and sophisticated when speaking to the audience, however his language simple when addressing Eddie: I dont understand what I can do for you. Is there a question of law somewhere? Alfieri involves the audience and builds up tension within the play, preparing them for the tragedy that is about to take place. He also shows us his helplessness and powerlessness with regards to Eddies situation, by showing us that there is no way for anybody to change his mind. At the end, he delivers a powerful soliloquy to the audience that leaves us with no sympathy or feelings for Eddie. He reiterates his message in an equally powerful manner: Most of the time we settle for half and I like it better. The whole theme of power and powerlessness is very important in A View From the Bridge, for it is one of the issues that will affect the outcome of the play. Beatrice and Catherines powerlessness over Eddie only kindles the problem. If Catherine had actually stood up for herself and moved out, Eddies feelings would have surely died down and maybe even have subsided completely and he would have gained the sympathy of the audience. It is only towards the end of the play, during the final scene, that Catherine actually stand up for herself and turns on him for the first time when she says Who the hell do you think you are? We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Alfieri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Alfieri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Alfieri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Beatrice however, does not, for at this point she feels sorry for Eddie, and stands up for him: Then we all belong in the garbage. You, and me too. Dont say that. Whatever happened we all done it, and dont you ever forget it, Catherine. Now go, go to your wedding, Katie, Ill stay at home. Go. God bless you, God bless your children. Alfieri shows us Eddie as he really is. Through Alfieri we can realise Eddies true feelings and thoughts, and we have some idea of what is going to happen. Alfieris character is essential in A View From the Bridge. He is the link between the audience and the characters. He informs them about characters, the action offers unbiased opinions and builds up tension within the play. He is also the bridge between the audience and the characters, as he plays the role of the narrator. He oversees the people and the action of the play. He represents the division between law and justice, and discusses this in detail in Act 1, Scene 1: A lawyer means the law, and in Sicily, where their fathers came from, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. This informs the audience of the difference between the law in America and the law is Sicily. In Sicily, where Alfieri is from, there is a definite difference between the law and justice. In Italy, the law is for family; however in the US, it is for the government and the country. Sicilians believe that the punishment should fit the crime. Sometimes when they feel as though the law has not been sufficient, they take it into their own hands: Oh, there were many here who were justly shot by unjust men. Alfieri gives us the moral of the play, in that it is better to settle for half than to try and have it all. By doing so, he makes the audience aware of the need for compromise in life and that it is better to sacrifice one thing for something else. Alfieri also explains one of the most important themes of the play: timelessness, in that this story could have taken place at any time in history and its moral would still be the same. Alfieri is therefore the voice of Miller in A View From the Bridge, who uses him to put his opinions and thoughts across to the audience.